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intestinal permeability
Intestinal permeability is the phenomenon of the gut wall in the gastrointestinal tract exhibiting permeability. It is a normal function of the intestine to exhibit some permeability, to allow nutrients to pass through the gut, while also maintaining a barrier function to keep potentially harmful substances (such as antigens) from leaving the intestine and migrating to the body more widely. In a healthy human intestine, small particles (< 4 Å in radius) can migrate through tight junction claudin pore pathways, and particles up to 10-15 Å (3.5 kDa) can transit through the paracellular space uptake route.
== Modulation and effects ==
One way in which intestinal permeability is modulated is via CXCR3 receptors in the gut wall, which respond to zonulin. Gliadin (glycoprotein present in wheat) activates zonulin signaling irrespective of the genetic expression of autoimmunity, leading to increased intestinal permeability to macromolecules.〔〔 Bacterial pathogens such as cholera, select enteric viruses, and parasites modulate intestinal tight junction structure and function, and these effects may contribute to the development of chronic intestinal disorders.〔
Excessive intestinal permeability is a factor in several autoimmune conditions such as Crohn's disease, celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease,〔〔 and irritable bowel syndrome but it is not clear if increased intestinal permeability is a cause or a consequence of these conditions. Stress and infections also seem to cause perturbations in intestinal permeability.〔 Larazotide acetate (previously known as AT-1001) is a zonulin receptor antagonist drug candidate that is in clinical trials for celiac disease, based on the hypothesis that increased intestinal permeability in coeliac is harmful to health.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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